By Jeph Ajobaju, Chief Copy Editor
Up to 90 per cent cent of the 8,000 filling stations in the United Kingdom have run of out petrol and there is panic buying by the public as shortage of tanker drivers hits deliveries.
Brexit, the pandemic, pay levels and an aging workforce have all contributed to a shortage of lorry drivers. Agricultural workers are also in short supply.
The BBC reports that the Petrol Retailers Association (PRA) has warned that as many as two-thirds of its membership of nearly 5,500 independent outlets are out of fuel, with the rest of them “partly dry and running out soon”.
The army is on standby to help ease fuel supply problems causing long queues and pump closures.
And Downing Street has hastily compiled plans to add 5,000 heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers and 5,500 poultry workers to a visa scheme until Christmas, to help the food and fuel industries with shortages.
Other measures include sending nearly one million letters to drivers who hold an HGV licence – to encourage them back into the industry – and plans to train 4,000 people to become HGV drivers.
Elizabeth de Jong, director of policy for Logistics UK, told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme that it would be “days, possibly a couple of weeks” before the visa applications were open.
She said the industry had wanted more visas to be available and for a longer time, but the key issue now was to make them attractive to drivers, which was likely to mean offering good wages.
UK loses 72,000 drivers in 2 years
The UK had lost 72,000 drivers between the second quarter of 2019 (Q2 2019) and Q2 2021, de Jong said – partly due to people returning to the EU after Brexit.
At the same time, she said the pandemic had disrupted testing for HGV licences, making it harder to replace the lost drivers.
But the emergency programme to issue temporary visas to thousands of lorry drivers is far too little to resolve Britain’s supply-chain crisis and is unlikely to attract them to the UK, haulage chiefs have warned.
Marco Digioia, the head of the European Road Haulers Association which represents more than 200,000 trucking companies across the continent, told the Observer that “much more would be needed” than a temporary relaxation of immigration rules.
“There is a driver shortage across Europe,” he said. “I am not sure how many would want to go to the UK.”
Andrew Opie, from the British Retail Consortium, said the 5,000 limit would “do little to alleviate the current shortfall”.
A shortage of lorry drivers has caused problems for a range of industries in recent months, from supermarkets to fast food chains.
In recent days, some fuel deliveries were affected, leading to panic buying and lengthy queues at some petrol stations.
In a joint statement from companies including Shell, ExxonMobil and Greenergy, the industry reiterated that pressures on supply were being caused by “temporary spikes in customer demand – not a national shortage of fuel”.
PRA chairman Brian Madderson told the BBC the shortages were down to “panic buying, pure and simple”, with oil companies prioritising keeping motorway service station pumps topped up.
Pumps were mainly running dry in Britain’s urban areas, while Northern Ireland was currently unaffected, he said.
Madderson also told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme that filling stations were being restocked, but there were not enough deliveries to restore their normal levels of fuel.
Army on standby to help ease supply problems
In the meantime, the BBC reports that the army has been put on standby to help ease fuel supply problems after a fourth day of long queues and pump closures.
Up to 150 military tanker drivers will prepare to deliver to forecourts which have run dry because of panic buying.
The surge in demand came amid fears a driver shortage would hit fuel supply – which is plentiful at refineries.
Transport Secretary Grant Shapps said: “We are starting to see panic buying moderate with more grades of fuel available at more petrol stations.”
The UK is estimated to be short of more than 100,000 lorry drivers – causing problems for a range of industries, including food suppliers and supermarkets, in recent months.
The government has blamed people needlessly buying fuel for causing queues at many petrol stations with fuel running out in some places.
Motoring group the RAC said the price of a litre of unleaded petrol had risen by a penny since Friday to an eight-year high. It added it was aware a small number of retailers were hiking prices amid the soaring demand.
Meanwhile, there are mounting calls for key workers, such as health and social care staff, to receive priority access to fuel where it is available.
Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng said the move to place the Army on standby – meaning it is ready to respond to any request for support – was a “sensible, precautionary step.”
“If required, the deployment of military personnel will provide the supply chain with additional capacity as a temporary measure to help ease pressures caused by spikes in localised demand for fuel,” he added.
The BBC has been told an initial 75 military drivers would be on standby, with up to 150 and the same number of support staff available if needed. They require specialised training which takes up to five days.
Huw Merriman, a Conservative MP and chairman of the transport select committee, said readying the army was a “good example” of ministers trying to use as many levers at their disposal as possible; and troops would be used as a “last resort” if the situation did not stabilise in the next couple of days.
Fixing long-standing driver shortages
Merriman told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme the industry must explain how it planned to “fix” long-standing driver shortages rather than the government constantly being asked to step in.
“These problems have been there for years because the average age of the driver is 55 years old, they’re retiring, and the industry has not made this job attractive. For too long, working conditions have been poor, and those that are willing to tolerate it have been from abroad.”
He said Brexit and other reasons meant it was now “more attractive” for foreign drivers to work closer to home, and that the situation would only improve with better treatment of drivers.
The government has also authorised an extension to special driver licences that allow drivers to transport goods such as fuel.
ADR licences due to expire between 27 September and 31 December will have their validity extended until 31 January 2022, without refresher training or exams.
Labour said the latest response to the fuel crisis was “an admission of failure” and that asking the Army to step up was “a sticking plaster”.
Leading fuel suppliers, including BP and Shell, have sought to reassure the public that supplies remain unaffected at source – with pressures expected to ease shortly.
“As many cars are now holding more fuel than usual, we expect that demand will return to its normal levels in the coming days, easing pressures on fuel station forecourts,” they said in a joint statement.
Some essential services affected
Doctors, nurses, prison staff unions and care staff have called for essential workers to be given priority for fuel.
The UK Homecare Association said people had been left waiting for carers at home because staff had been caught in queues for petrol.
Unison called on ministers to use emergency powers to “designate fuel stations for the sole use of key workers”.
Some ambulance trusts have their own fuel pumps in their depots and their supplies are expected to be prioritised – but essential workers can still be caught out.
One ambulance driver in north London told the BBC he had visited several filling stations in his search for fuel.
“I had zero tank, I was on my reserve, the light was on, it was getting chaotic, my heart rate was going through the sky,” he said, after finally buying fuel in Brent Cross.
John McSorley, Strategic Commander for Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust, said the service had “sufficient fuel stocks” for its ambulances and “robust business continuity plans in place” to ensure it could still attend to patients.
He added that some ambulance staff had found it “difficult” to get fuel for their own cars, and that the trust had a staff transport plan it could activate “should the situation escalate further”.
Carol Curry, who needed fuel to drive her husband to a hospital appointment, said she blamed the media for frenzied scenes at the pumps.
“If nobody had said about this, the lorry drivers and everything, then this panic wouldn’t have started,” she said.
Brexit and the pandemic at play
The government has temporarily exempted fuel companies from competition law, allowing them to work together to target supplies at areas most in need.
Temporary visas, lasting until Christmas Eve, for 5,000 foreign fuel tanker and food lorry drivers and 5,500 poultry workers have also been announced.
But Richard Walker, the managing director of supermarket Iceland, told BBC Two’s Newsnight the visas would not begin until mid-October, adding: “I don’t know who would give up a full-time job in Europe for a matter of weeks.”
Nearly one million drivers qualified to drive heavy goods vehicles are being encouraged to rejoin the sector, and some 3,000 new recruits are expected to undertake short, intensive driving courses.
The BBC explains that factors including Brexit, the pandemic, pay levels and an aging workforce have all contributed to a shortage of lorry drivers.
After the UK left the European Union, many European drivers went back to their home countries, or decided to work elsewhere because of the additional border bureaucracy and the impact it had on their income.
The pandemic also prompted many foreign drivers to return home and led to a huge backlog in HGV driver exams. Driver shortages have also been seen in EU countries, including Germany and Poland.
