By Bilkis Bakare-Ogunnubi
Nigeria, the most populous Black country in the world and the second largest economy in Africa with a population of over 150 million, is endowed with diverse and infinite human and material resources. But years of mismanagement, negligence and inconsistent policies have hindered the country’s economic growth. Although unemployment is now a global phenomenon, due to the aforementioned reasons, available resources in the country have been under-utilised to yield maximum economic benefits. This has complicated unemployment and poverty situations in the country.
According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Nigeria’s unemployment rate was recorded at 12.1 per cent in first quarter of 2016, up from 10.4 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2015, reaching the highest since December of 2009. Realistically, 65 per cent of Nigeria’s population is made up of youths, and this segment of the population is generally unemployed. While secondary school-leavers are predominantly affected in the rural areas, making up about half of the unemployment rate, universities and polytechnics graduates make up the overall figure. What seems to be more worrisome is the fact that the nation’s universities and polytechnics continue to churn out more than 150,000 graduates annually, and job creation has been inadequate to keep pace with the expanding working age population. Recently, the Nigerian Police put up an advertisement to recruit 10,000, but over one million Nigerians applied.
The age-long craze for white collar job is still a fad among the youths. Rural-urban migration in search of the golden fleece has also continued unabated. Urban centres are now over-populated by youths in search of ‘well-paid’ jobs. This has led to an increase in socio-economic challenges in metropolitan areas in cities like Abuja, Lagos and Port Harcourt. Similarly, poorly-skilled individuals are replete in all sectors of the economy. To address this, acquisition of vocational skills has been identified as tools for moulding employable individuals, as unemployed individuals need more skills than they already have to find new jobs.
Various governments, both at the federal and state levels, had attempted to tackle unemployment, but all efforts at creating jobs for the growing number of the unemployed have yielded little or no result. This is because government alone cannot shoulder this problem.
With a population of over 20 million, Lagos State is burdened with the provision of essential infrastructural facilities and employment for the ever growing army of the unemployed. Although unemployment is a national challenge, the metropolitan nature of the state complicates its situation. To proffer solutions to the lingering unemployment crisis, the present administration in Lagos State under Akinwunmi Ambode cemented its desire for an entrepreneurial spirit in the citizens of the state by establishing the Ministry of Wealth Creation and Employment.
Established on June 17, 2015, the ministry is vested with the responsibility of promoting and sustaining entrepreneurship and employment through the effective use of wealth creation strategies and resources by collaborating with all stakeholders. Its activities are geared towards creating employment through the creation of enabling environment for the expansion of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in the state.
In fulfilment of one of his campaign promises and in seeking to redefine solutions to generic challenges of unemployment and wealth creation, Governor Ambode, on January 5, 2016, signed the state’s Employment Trust Fund into law and also set up a N25 billion Employment Trust Fund. The employment fund initiative, applauded by all, is set up to bridge the deficit skill and policy gaps, as well as tackle inadequate financing.
The fund is disbursed to residents with innovative ideas that can translate into viable businesses which will promote self-employment as well as the creation of employers of labour. And for the next four years, the government will commit N6.25 billion annually to loan given out with moderate interest rate of three per cent per annum. It provides financial support to residents for job and wealth creation and gives equal opportunities to all citizens, as part of his all-inclusive governance strategy in the state.
Similarly, it is a fact that Nigerian youths, particularly university and polytechnic graduates, usually lust after white collar jobs, but the prevalent unemployment situation in the country has redirected their focus towards embracing self-employment. Hence, to encourage the entrepreneurial spirit of young Lagosians, the ‘Ready Set Work’ project was put in place.
The aforementioned is an entrepreneurship and employability initiative aimed at equipping final year students in the state-owned tertiary institutions, namely: Lagos State University (LASU), Lagos State Polytechnic (LASPOTECH) and Lagos State College of Health Technology with critical skills to either become employable or become employers of labour. The capacity building programme, an initiative of the state’s Ministry of Education, is expected to run for 13 weeks (Saturdays) during the second semester in each of the participating institutions, and will be divided into three distinct components: employability, entrepreneurship and general module.
The interventions are laudable, particularly the skill acquisition part; but for effectiveness, entrepreneurial finance training should be organised, where corporate organisations and financial institutions would be invited to enlighten the youths on ways of financing their projects. Bank of Industries (BOI) is doing a lot in this direction. Other financial institutions should also launch products that would tackle the challenge of financing entrepreneurs.
Recently, Ambode, while hosting officials from Mobil Oil Producing Company, appealed to corporate organisations in the country to deploy their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) towards empowering youths in the state by investing in the Youth Internship Scheme.
Thus, graduates of various institutions should be encouraged to acquire vocational skills that can prepare them for self-employment and financial independence because, with paid employment, one earns a living; but with self-employment, one’s earning is unlimited. Individuals concerned, the private sector and government at all levels must put in more effort towards creating jobs for the people.
More states need to take a cue from Lagos by harnessing the entrepreneurial potentials of their citizens. This is what our nation requires most at this point in time. God bless Nigeria.
• Bakare-Ogunnubi is of the Lagos State Ministry of Information and Strategy, Ikeja.